Anthocyanins as Natural Allopurinol Alternatives

Anthocyanins as Natural Allopurinol Alternatives Introduction

Readers asked if cabbage is good for gout. Then I found that anthocyanins in red cabbage might help. So when more research convinced me that anthocyanin-rich food is good for gout sufferers. I created this list of the top 100 anthocyanin foods.

Now, you can read about my research. Or skip straight to 100 Anthocyanin Foods List for Gout.

Anthocyanins as Natural Allopurinol Alternatives Purpose

This is a preliminary draft of my list of the top 100 anthocyanin-rich foods. Unusually, my main purpose is to raise awareness and seek feedback. However, this list and associated research is a good starting point for you to discuss your anthocyanin intake with your professional health advisers. But you should be aware that I have not yet found any recommendations for anthocyanin consumption from rheumatologists. So before you make any significant eating pattern changes, you must get advice and baseline blood tests from your doctor.

Anthocyanins as Natural Allopurinol Alternatives

During my research, I mostly saw suggestions about red cabbage. Often suggesting that anthocyanins in red cabbage were the probable reason for its uric acid lowering effect. But I've seen similar suggestions about cherries since I first started researching gout. So I didn't want to explore anthocyanins further without some proof.

Then I found an interesting study^[1]. That would've been more remarkable if researchers had found human test subjects. Instead of poisoning rats to create animal gout sufferers. But it has such important potential that I felt I had to publish my research to date. Later, I can improve my Anthocyanins Food List for Gout. Especially with more references to studies of anthocyanin's effects on uric acid.

For now, you can see from my featured image that the study explains how anthocyanins reduce uric acid production in the same way as allopurinol. But they also increase uric acid excretion in the same way as probenecid. As if that wasn't enough, the study describes an anti-inflammatory effect of anthocyanins. Now, I'm not suggesting this is an alternative to colchicine. Because I need to review more studies to get a complete picture.

However, I can't wait until I complete my research before sharing some anthocyanin food sources with you. So I've produced a preliminary list of the top 100 anthocyanin foods. And I really need your feedback to improve it as a practical resource for gout sufferers. As you will see in my closing notes.

100 Anthocyanin Foods List for Gout

I derived data for this table from USDA's Expanded Flavonoid Database^[2].

Food (100g)	Total (mg)	Cyanidin	Petunidin	Delphinidin	Malvidin	Pelargonidin	Peonidin
Cranberries, dried, sweetened	324.43	0.60		0.10	2.84	0.02	320.87
Cabbage, red, raw	209.95	209.83		0.10		0.02
Currants, zante, dried	191.32	167.46		23.45			0.41
Blueberries, raw	163.30	8.46	31.53	35.43	67.59		20.29
Radicchio, raw	134.67	126.99		7.68
Alcoholic beverage, wine, dessert, sweet	109.29		6.63	3.90	94.83		3.93
Mulberries, raw	104.60	103.91				0.47	0.22
Cranberries, raw	104.02	46.43		7.67	0.44	0.32	49.16
Blackberries, raw	100.61	99.95				0.45	0.21
Blueberries, frozen, unsweetened	94.25	4.36	18.16	21.59	49.65	0.02	0.47
Blueberries, frozen, sweetened	86.05	3.98	16.58	19.71	45.33	0.02	0.43
Eggplant, raw	85.69			85.69
Blackberry juice, canned	77.26	76.75				0.35	0.16
Blueberries, canned, light syrup, drained	76.35	3.95	14.74	16.57	31.60		9.49
Blueberries, canned, heavy syrup, solids and liquids	76.35	3.95	14.74	16.57	31.60		9.49
Eggplant, pickled	73.95			73.95
Boysenberries, frozen, unsweetened	63.39	62.97				0.29	0.13
Blackberries, frozen, unsweetened	63.39	62.97				0.29	0.13
Radishes, raw	63.13					63.13
Babyfood, fruit, apple and blueberry, junior	61.89	3.97	11.79	13.26	25.28		7.59
Eggplant, cooked, boiled, drained, without salt	58.31			58.31
Cranberry juice, unsweetened	53.93	24.07		3.98	0.23	0.16	25.49
Loganberries, frozen	52.52	49.43	0.33	1.43	0.14	1.06	0.13
Cereals ready-to-eat, POST Selects Cranberry Almond Crunch	48.84	0.26		0.02	0.43		48.13
Raspberries, raw	48.63	45.77	0.31	1.32	0.13	0.98	0.12
Beans, black, mature seeds, raw	48.46	1.63	15.41	18.50	10.61	0.95	1.36
Grape juice cocktail, frozen concentrate, undiluted, with added ascorbic acid	47.38	2.63	2.99	5.67	32.90	0.06	3.13
Pie fillings, blueberry, canned	47.18	2.44	9.11	10.24	19.53		5.86
Blackberries, canned, heavy syrup, solids and liquids	45.32	45.03				0.20	0.09
Cereals ready-to-eat, GENERAL MILLS TOTAL, Cranberry Crunch	42.17	0.08		0.01	0.37		41.71
Babyfood, apple-cranberry juice	40.67	18.16		3.00	0.17	0.12	19.22
Cabbage, red, cooked, boiled, drained, without salt	39.38	39.22					0.16
Currants, red and white, raw	38.01	33.27		4.66			0.08
Cherries, sour, red, raw	33.44	32.57					0.87
Babyfood, dessert, blueberry yogurt, strained	32.67	1.69	6.31	7.09	13.52		4.06
Cherries, sweet, raw	31.98	30.21				0.27	1.50
Cranberry sauce, canned, sweetened	29.65	0.10		0.02	0.26	0.02	29.25
Strawberries, raw	27.01	1.68	0.11	0.31	0.01	24.85	0.05
Grapes, red or green (European type, such as Thompson seedless), raw	24.02	0.58	0.98	1.14	19.50	0.01	1.81
Pie fillings, cherry, low calorie	23.87	23.25					0.62
Pie, blueberry, commercially prepared	23.56	1.09	4.54	5.40	12.41		0.12
Litchis, dried	20.89	3.42	0.73	0.87	14.51	0.01	1.35
Strawberries, frozen, unsweetened	20.80	1.27	0.12	0.02	0.01	19.32	0.06
Raspberries, frozen, red, sweetened	20.66	19.45	0.13	0.56	0.05	0.42	0.05
Raspberries, canned, red, heavy syrup pack, solids and liquids	20.66	19.45	0.13	0.56	0.05	0.42	0.05
Cherries, sour, red, canned, heavy syrup pack, solids and liquids	19.61	19.10					0.51
Cherries, sour, red, canned, water pack, solids and liquids (includes USDA commodity red tart cherries, canned)	19.61	19.10					0.51
Alcoholic beverage, wine, table, red	19.27	0.19	1.98	2.01	13.84		1.25
Jams and preserves	19.14	3.90	2.25	5.80	3.24	2.79	1.16
Cherries, sweet, frozen, sweetened	18.76	17.72				0.16	0.88
Beans, black turtle soup, mature seeds, cooked, boiled, without salt	18.39	0.36	5.93	7.12	4.09	0.37	0.52
Cherries, sweet, canned, pitted, heavy syrup, drained	18.22	17.20				0.16	0.86
Cherries, sweet, canned, pitted, heavy syrup pack, solids and liquids	18.22	17.20				0.16	0.86
Cherries, sweet, canned, light syrup pack, solids and liquids	18.22	17.20				0.16	0.86
Cherries, sweet, canned, juice pack, solids and liquids	18.22	17.20				0.16	0.86
Cherries, sweet, canned, water pack, solids and liquids	18.22	17.20				0.16	0.86
Nuts, pecans	18.02	10.74		7.28
Grape juice, canned or bottled, unsweetened, without added ascorbic acid	16.08	0.89	1.02	1.92	11.17	0.02	1.06
Grape juice, canned or bottled, unsweetened, with added ascorbic acid	16.08	0.89	1.02	1.92	11.17	0.02	1.06
Apples, dehydrated (low moisture), sulfured, uncooked	15.91	15.77		0.07		0.07
Muffins, blueberry, toaster-type, toasted	14.70	0.76	2.84	3.19	6.08		1.83
Muffins, blueberry, toaster-type	14.70	0.76	2.84	3.19	6.08		1.83
Babyfood, fruit, applesauce and cherries, junior	13.83	13.11				0.11	0.61
Strawberries, canned, heavy syrup pack, solids and liquids	13.78	0.86	0.05	0.16	0.01	12.67	0.03
Grape juice cocktail, frozen concentrate, diluted with 3 volume water, with added ascorbic acid	13.62	0.76	0.86	1.63	9.45	0.02	0.90
Cereals ready-to-eat, POST Blueberry Morning	12.49	0.65	2.41	2.71	5.17		1.55
Strawberries, frozen, sweetened, sliced	12.48	0.76	0.07	0.01	0.01	11.59	0.04
Strawberries, frozen, sweetened, whole	12.48	0.76	0.07	0.01	0.01	11.59	0.04
Peaches, dried, sulfured, uncooked	11.77	11.77
Yogurt parfait, lowfat, with fruit and granola	11.59	0.64	0.95	1.09	2.49	6.38	0.04
Cherries, sour, red, frozen, unsweetened	11.24	10.13					1.11
Alcoholic beverage, wine, table, all	9.66	0.09	0.99	1.00	6.95		0.63
Babyfood, fruit, applesauce and cherries, strained	9.49	9.04				0.07	0.38
Pears, dried, sulfured, uncooked	9.28	9.28
Pie, cherry, commercially prepared	8.64	8.16				0.07	0.41
Babyfood, fruit, apple and blueberry, strained	8.50	1.91	1.34	1.51	2.87	0.01	0.86
Toaster pastries, fruit (includes apple, blueberry, cherry, strawberry)	8.16	0.42	1.58	1.77	3.38		1.01
Beans, kidney, red, mature seeds, raw	8.03	1.86				4.82	1.35
Babyfood, cherry cobbler, junior	8.03	7.82					0.21
Yogurt, fruit variety, nonfat	7.61	0.41	1.27	1.43	2.70	0.99	0.81
Yogurt, fruit, lowfat, with low calorie sweetener, fortified with vitamin D	7.61	0.41	1.27	1.43	2.70	0.99	0.81
Yogurt, fruit variety, nonfat, fortified with vitamin D	7.61	0.41	1.27	1.43	2.70	0.99	0.81
Yogurt, fruit, low fat, 10 grams protein per 8 ounce, fortified with vitamin D	7.61	0.41	1.27	1.43	2.70	0.99	0.81
Yogurt, fruit, low fat, 9 grams protein per 8 ounce, fortified with vitamin D	7.61	0.41	1.27	1.43	2.70	0.99	0.81
Yogurt, fruit, lowfat, with low calorie sweetener	7.61	0.41	1.27	1.43	2.70	0.99	0.81
Yogurt, fruit, low fat, 10 grams protein per 8 ounce	7.61	0.41	1.27	1.43	2.70	0.99	0.81
Yogurt, fruit, low fat, 9 grams protein per 8 ounce	7.61	0.41	1.27	1.43	2.70	0.99	0.81
Apples, dried, sulfured, uncooked	7.58	7.44		0.02		0.02	0.10
Nuts, pistachio nuts, dry roasted, with salt added	7.49	7.49
Nuts, pistachio nuts, dry roasted, without salt added	7.48	7.48
Snacks, NUTRI-GRAIN FRUIT AND NUT BAR	7.32	3.41		0.52	0.03	0.02	3.34
Passion-fruit, (granadilla), purple, raw	7.28	1.19	0.26	0.30	5.06		0.47
Nuts, hazelnuts or filberts	6.71	6.71
Plums, raw	5.94	5.63					0.31
Babyfood, juice, apple and cherry	5.41	5.27					0.14
Babyfood, dessert, cherry vanilla pudding, junior	5.37	5.19				0.01	0.17
Babyfood, dessert, cherry vanilla pudding, strained	5.37	5.19				0.01	0.17
Pomegranates, raw	5.19	3.77		1.27		0.15
Litchis, raw	4.90	0.80	0.17	0.20	3.41		0.32
Cereals ready-to-eat, KELLOGG, Berry RICE KRISPIES	4.83	0.30	0.02	0.06		4.44	0.01

Anthocyanins for Your Gout

I cannot emphasize enough that you must consult your doctor before significantly altering your eating patterns. Because if anthocyanins are powerful enough to lower your uric acid, they may also have the power to harm you. Which is why I strongly recommend that you precede all gout treatment with baseline blood tests for:

Uric acid
Liver Function Test (LFT)
Kidney Function Test (KFT)

If you still have concerns about anthocyanins, you should discuss those concerns with your professional health advisers. However, if you want help to prepare for that discussion, please see the feedback section below.

As this is one of my research articles, I'm asking for your help. Because when I understand your situation, I can direct my research towards providing better resources for you. So I've extended my usual feedback notes below to explain this further. However, I do understand that most people do not want to discuss health concerns in public. In which case, you can find more information when you copy anthocyanins into the search box.

Leave Anthocyanins as Natural Allopurinol Alternatives to browse the Gout and Uric Acid Blog. Or return to Gout Progression Phase 5: Start Uric Acid Cure.

Anthocyanins as Natural Allopurinol Alternatives Feedback

If you are asking a question, it's best to:

Search for that question in Google Gout Search Engine first.
Choose the most relevant result.
Refer to that result as you ask your question.

Anthocyanins Research Help

Firstly, I'm not asking for your direct help with research. Rather, I'm asking for your views to help guide me on the features needed for future versions of this food list. However, if you did want to check some facts, I have identified over a hundred clinical trials that might help us understand safe doses. Also, they might contain other recorded effects on uric acid levels.

Anyway, I'd appreciate your thoughts about any aspects of this article. For example:

Anthocyanins per 100 calories of food.
And/or per typical serving size
Categorize by food groups
Add more data sources for foods not included in the USDA database. Especially notable as the anthocyanins used in this study derived from bilberries (European blueberries) and European black currant. Also, I noticed red radishes in another study.
Include other flavonoids? Because we know other flavonoids can benefit gout sufferers. Significantly quercetin. So should these be included? Or are separate lists better?
Add your ideas, wants, and needs.

Contact me to help improving anthocyanin information for gout sufferers.

Anthocyanins as Natural Allopurinol Alternatives References

Qian, Xiaoyun, Xu Wang, Jing Luo, Yao Liu, Juan Pang, Hanyue Zhang, Zhongliang Xu, Jiewen Xie, Xinwei Jiang, and Wenhua Ling. "Hypouricemic and nephroprotective roles of anthocyanins in hyperuricemic mice." Food & Function 10, no. 2 (2019): 867-878.
Haytowitz, D.B., USDA's Expanded Flavonoid Database for the Assessment of Dietary Intakes, Release 1.1-December 2015.